U luskovin byly první kompletní rostliny ze somatických embryí získány v polovině 80. let a technologie je nejlépe propracována u sóje, kde byla získána řada teoretických poznatků i praktických aplikací. Obecně platí, že embryogenní schopnost je výslednicí genetického základu a aktuálního fyziologického stavu výchozího explantátu. Klíčovou roli hraje vzájemná interakce endogenních fytohormonů a exogenně aplikovaných růstových regulátorů (u luskovin především auxinů). Změny v dynamice endogenních fytohormonů během vývoje a zrání somatických embryí a rovněž akumulace zásobních látek (bílkoviny, škrob) vedou k optimálnímu fyziologickému stavu somatických embryí (obdobně jako u sexuální embryogeneze).

• GA522/02/1227
• Poskytovatel: GA0 – Grantová agentura České republiky (GA ČR)
• Hlavní příjemce: AGRITEC, výzkum, šlechtění a služby, s.r.o., RNDr. Miroslav Griga, CSc. (griga@agritec.cz)
• Období řešení projektu: 2002–2004
• Další účastník projektu: Mendelova univerzita v Brně / Agronomická fakulta

Funded under: FP7-KBBE
Start date: 2012-01-01, End date: 2016-12-31

It uses Medicago truncatula as a model to rapidly identify characteristics for introgression into elite pea varieties and a field test of their performance against existing commercial varieties. The project will demonstrate the advantages of applying advanced phenotyping methods for the generation of improved varieties of a commercial crop. Legumes have been chosen as the preferred study crop because they are susceptible to a combination of abiotic and biotic stresses. By increasing their cultivation, they offer the greatest opportunity to reduce the generation of greenhouse gases from agriculture and hence contribute to the efforts to control climate change. Therefore ABSTRESS aligns with the European Strategic Research Agenda 2025. ABSTRESS will achieve a step change in “sustainability in agriculture” by undertaking breeding research that seeks to develop varieties having improved resistance to a combination of biotic and abiotic stresses. The novelty of the project is demonstrated by the generation, identification and understanding new genetic materials; addressing commercial requirements for the development of a successful new crop variety by utilising SME expertise; testing new in a range of growing conditions; addressing impact on Fusarium in other crops; have application to crop breeding generally; incorporating drought stress which is likely to be a major factor for climate change; developing high throughput molecular phenotyping, to gain a step change in the speed of the breeding cycle. Thus, this well structured, innovative research can lead to ground breaking achievements in plant breeding. These will help to ameliorate climate change and develop the tools to mitigate their effects on a sustainable food /feed supply chain.

ABSTRESS - Improving the resistance of legume crops to combined abiotic and biotic stress

7th Framework Programme
Start date: 2014-01-01
End date: 2017-12-31

LEGATO will develop tools and resources to enable state of the art breeding methodology and to exploit fully the breadth of genetic resources available. The project will focus on a small number of key characters not previously explored in depth and complementary to other ongoing European and national projects. These topics covered include disease and pest resistance, where in addition to marker development for major fungal and viral pathogens, a focus on emerging insect pests is planned. The impact of end-of-season drought and heat stress on the rhizobial symbiosis, and its consequences for plant performance, will be studied. Two characters that can influence grain legume yield, autofertility and number of flowering nodes, will be investigated. The potential for improving legume nutritional and organoleptic quality by identification of desirable traits and innovative selection methods will be investigated. LEGATO will conceive sustainable legume-based cropping systems adapted to different pedoclimatic zones, respecting local constraints. The project has been constructed around the participation of commercial partners including SMEs in the areas of marker development, plant breeding, and legume food processing, who will benefit from the advances made in these areas in LEGATO. Promising legume varieties and cropping systems will be tested at a series of pan-european sites to favour the widest possible take-up in agriculture, and the partners potentially concerned will participate in a stakeholder forum convened regularly during the project.

LEGATO - LEGumes for the Agriculture of TOmorrow

Funded under: FP7-KBBE
Start date: 2012-09-01
End date: 2017-02-28

Once a key industrial crop for fibre, hemp production declined in the last century and was displaced by cotton and synthetic fibres. This explains why hemp has not been subject to the intensive breeding that has driven great improvements in major food crops in the last 50 years. However, cotton has one of the worst environmental footprints of any crop and there is renewed interest in hemp because it requires less water and agrochemicals and provides fibre and oil of superior quality. In the frame of multi-hemp, we will use cutting-edge genomic approaches to achieve rapid targeted improvements in hemp productivity and raw material quality for end-user requirements, whilst also advancing scientific understanding of gene-to-trait relationships in this crop. This work will be combined with innovations in agronomy, harvesting and processing methods to generate sustainable products from improved varieties. The project will include demonstration activities such as field trial and process scale up. The economic and environmental implications of each innovation will be assessed so as to maximise economic return and increase sustainability. This project brings together leading research groups with a vibrant group of industrial participants working from the level of molecular genetics through to end product demonstration. Our ambition is to develop an integrated hemp-based biorefinery in which improved feedstock is subject to efficient and modular processing steps to provide fibre, oil, construction materials, fine chemicals and biofuels using all components of the harvested biomass, and generating new opportunities within the developing knowledge based bioeconomy.

MULTIHEMP